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A genome is not a memory. A cell is not a person.

Those distinctions make the science more interesting—and the next questions clearer.

Death X explores what can be carried forward: the record of a life, biological material and potentially new living systems. To understand a paper, begin by asking what the researchers measured. A study might preserve a DNA sequence, keep a cell alive, recover a tissue response or predict a behaviour. Each result has value, but they answer different questions.

Follow the information.

What is kept?What it can supportWhat it does not establish
DNA sequenceGenetic analysis and a documented genetic recordA saved autobiography or a complete brain state
Viable cellsFuture research uses permitted by consentContinuation of a mind
Neural tissueMeasurements of cells, circuits and functionThe donor’s memories appearing in newly grown tissue
Brain mapCircuit analysis and computational hypothesesAll information needed to reproduce a person
Recordings and documentsAccess to authentic traces of a lifeThe living person behind those traces

Ask four questions of every claim.

What system?

Human cells, a mouse tissue slice, a pig organ and a person are different systems.

What test?

A picture, a molecular measurement, an electrical response and a behaviour support different conclusions.

What comparison?

Controls help distinguish an intervention from ordinary change, measurement error or chance.

What gap?

Ask what would still have to be shown before the result supports the bigger claim.

Explore the opportunity map